20220525

昨天晚上稍微睡了一会儿，十点多醒了。摸鱼半天，十二点半进书房弹弹琴练练口语啥的。两点钟出去踩骑行台，感觉还是有点疲劳，状态不是很好。周围没什么负面反馈，不过我觉得跑步机动静比骑行台还大一些，后者可能还比不上我看球。回书房躺地上休息（垫了层沙发垫）差点睡着了，于是滚回床上睡觉。睡到七点多起来过早，然后下去做个核酸。上来打打盹，九点换到书房睡到十点。还是有点困，不过还是起来了，弹琴、练口语，然后跟dance class。完了正好十一点四十左右，出去做照烧鸡翅。午饭后还是打打mh，黑龙二十三分钟奖杯十二分钟。进书房休息会儿，两点钟先把总结写了，然后打四十分钟拳，最后刷刷题，状态比昨天稍微好点。五点半了记个流水账，等着吃晚饭睡觉了。

Before we start the comparative study of our 21 societies, we need to handle some objections. The first one is, expect they all form intelligible fields of historical study, these societies have nothing in common. In fact, the number of human societies is far more than 21, but most of them are primitive societies, while our 21 societies can be considered as civilized. The second objection is just the opposite of the first one. Since modern political and economic systems all over the world have a Western origin, someone may argue, there is only one civilization rather than 21. But on the cultural plane, each civilization has its own origin. Such claim may be traced back to three roots: the egocentric illusion, the illusion of 'the unchanging East', namely 'the East', which could mean anything from Egypt to China, never evolved and thus be surpassed by 'the West', and the illusion of progress as a movement that proceeds in a straight line. The third complaint is that, the 21 societies are not comparable since they are not contemparary. Our answer is, time is relative. The lifetime of human kind is hundreds of thousands of years, while our 21 societies cover no more than 6000 years and thus sufficiently contemporaneous. Moreover, the number of succesive generations of societies is 3 at max. The critics of our study may argue, that some societies may be not so civilized and thus it's a waste of time to study. The readres may be asked to suspend judgement and hypothesize that all 21 societies are philosophically equivalent and contemporaneous. The last objection is, histories are no more than strings of unique historical facts, and history does not repeat itself. Since we have already admitted a comparative study of primitive societies, which is anthropology, we can do the same study to civilizations. Aristotle claimed theare are three methods of presenting the thoughts: facts, laws and fiction. Recording facts is generally assumed to be the technique of history. But history also need the latter two methods. The comparative study need the technique of laws, and the selection, arragement and presentation of facts is a technique of fiction. On the other hand, historical study have to make use of the laws from other sciences like economics, political science and sociology. Even so, the Aristotelian distinction remains valid since they suit for data of different quantities. When the data happen to be few, recording facts is enough. More data may need to be studied to form laws. While when it's impossible to survey all facts, the form of artistic creation is the only technique can handle this.

发自我的iPhone